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Life history theory posits that an increased investment in reproduction should result in decreased vegetative investment. Switching resources from growth to reproduction are also expected in species experiencing selection pressure for high variation of seed crops. In this study, we tested whether the reproductive effort of trees, measured as the number of fruits produced, is related to their radial...
From the start of autumn and throughout winter dormancy, starch stored in the stems and buds of woody plants is broken down into oligosaccharides, mainly raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs). Given that RFO synthesis protects plants against winter cold, the enzyme galactinol synthase (catalyzing the first step in RFO synthesis) could play an important role in this process. Here, we characterized...
This is the first report on the successful induction of somatic embryogenesis in swamp white oak from leaf and shoot apex explants excised from in vitro shoot cultures derived from 6- to 7-year-old trees. We demonstrated that arabinogalactan from larch wood (2–4 mg/L) promoted embryogenesis in the three genotypes evaluated by increasing the frequency of somatic embryogenesis, the embryogenic sites...
There is little information available regarding seasonal and annual variations in soil CO2 efflux from Korean Larch plantations, which are an important component of forests’ carbon balance in temperate China. In this study, the soil respiration rate (Rs), soil temperature (T10) and soil moisture (SM10) at 10 cm depth were observed in a Korean Larch (Larix olgensis Herry.) plantation in Northeast...
Pinus halepensis Mill. is a common forest species in the Mediterranean area and it is important for environmental conservation. This study established a method of regenerating Pinus halepensis Mill. through somatic embryogenesis. The effect of culture medium (mineral salts, nitrogen source and plant growth regulators), collection date and seed family on embryogenic tissue initiation and proliferation...
Xylem cell length of juvenile tree rings was investigated in poplars in order to check the hypotheses that fiber length or vessel element length are indicative of drought tolerance and have predictive value for final stem base diameter at the end of rotation. The radial increment in the drought year 2003 served as the reference indicator for quantifying drought tolerance. All nine investigated cultivars...
Phenotypic and genotypic variation and structure of 29 sour cherry (P. cerasus) and duke cherry (P. x gondouinii) genotypes from different regions of Iran were identified using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and morphological characters. Furthermore, one Prunus mahaleb genotype was used as an outgroup for molecular analysis. For morphological analysis, 23 variables were recorded to...
Tree-ring chronologies are important indicators of pre-instrumental, natural climate variability. Some of the longest chronologies are from northern Fennoscandia, where ring width measurement series from living trees are combined with series from sub-fossil trees, preserved in shallow lakes, to form millennial-length records. We here assess the recent ends of such timeseries by comparing climate signals...
Endogenous levels of cambial region abscisic acid (ABA) were quantified by immunoassay and assessed together with cambial growth activity in poplar (Populus nigra L. × P. maximowiczii Henry, clone Kamabuchi) over the course of a growing season. The level of cambial region ABA increased from spring to late-summer but decreased sharply in autumn. Cambial growth activity, measured as the radial number...
European pear is a flooding-sensitive species, and for its cultivation in lowland areas, it is necessary to carry out the grafting of scions of commercial pear varieties into rootstocks belonging to flooding-tolerant wild pear species. Flooding tolerance of Pyrus boissieriana—a type of wild pear—was studied as a promissory rootstock for commercial pear. For this purpose, 3-month-old plants of P. boissieriana...
Changes in age of the hydraulic architecture of Ulmus minor and U. minor × U. pumila juvenile wood were studied and related to tolerance to Dutch elm disease (DED). The xylem vessel dimensions and the conductivity to air of 2- to 7-year-old branches were analyzed and quantified. No obvious differences in vessel length distribution and conductivity were found to explain differences in DED tolerance...
Somatic embryogenesis in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) is an efficient tool that allows the production of large number of embryos from selected quality and productive trees. Temporary immersion systems (TIS) are an alternative to semi-solid or liquid culture that combine the advantages of liquid culture and avoid the associated problems. Parameters that affect the TIS multiplication efficiency of Q. suber...
While theoretical allometric models postulate universal scaling exponents, empirical relationships between tree dimensions show marked variability that reflects changes in the biomass allocation pattern. As growth of the various tree compartments may be controlled by different functions, it is hypothesized that they may respond differently to factors of variation, resulting in variable tree morphologies...
Tree growth has been hypothesized to provide a reliable indicator of the state of the external environment. Elevated levels of background ionizing radiation may impair growth trajectories of trees by reducing the annual growth. Such effects of radiation may depend on the individual phenotype and interact with other environmental factors such as temperature and drought. We used standardized growth...
Niche differentiation is a common explanation for high ectomycorrhizal diversity. In monocultures and on small spatial scales, the number of variable factors that may provide niches decreases. Still, even in the restricted volume of a soil core, typically more than one ectomycorrhizal species is found. We tested the hypothesis that roots of different individual beech genotypes provide niches on a...
Since the late 1950s, Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) has been widely planted for vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas in North China. We used stable isotope signals from precipitation, soil water, and xylem water of Mongolian pine trees, which were planted in early 1980s on sand dunes in the east-southern margin of Horqin Sandy Land, to identify water uptake sources...
Altitudinal variation in morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics between two provenances of Abies faxoniana Rehd. et Wils. from contrasting elevations (3,500 and 2,850 m) was investigated by reciprocal transplantations in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. From each altitude, 54 seedlings were selected, of which 27 seedlings were simply transplanted at their original altitude,...
In dendroecology, sampling effort has a strong influence of both regional chronology properties and climate–tree growth relationships assessment. Recent studies evidenced that decreasing sample size leads to a weakening of the bootstrapped correlation coefficients ( $${\text{BCC}}$$ BCC ). The present analysis focused on the risk of mis-estimating the significance of population $${\text{BCC}}\,\left(...
The seeds of chilgoza pine (Pinus gerardiana) show moderate germination and not retain better germinability under normal ambient storage. In the present study, five storage containers [polythene bags (C1), plastic jars (C2), canvas bags (C3), earthen pots (C4) and tin boxes (C5)] and four temperature regimes (19–22 °C) (room temperature, T1), 0 ± 1 °C (T2), −4 ± 1 °C (T3) and 4 ± 1 °C (T4) were tested...
Seasonally dry tropical forests are dominated by deciduous and evergreen tree species with a wide range of leaf phenology. We hypothesized that Piscidia piscipula is able to extend leaf senescence until later in the dry season due to deeper and more reliable water sources than Gymnopodium floribundum, which loses leaves earlier in the dry season. Physiological performance was assessed as timing of...
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